Introduction Essays (1512 words) - Grigori Rasputin,

Introduction Grigory Yefimovich Rasputin is known as the Siberian Mystic Healer, whose life has been retold numerous of times and almost each time it is told it is retold in a different way. Since Rasputin lived in a civilization not that advanced, little is know of his first forty years of life. So most information on the man are normally from stories families have passed on. Some say he is a holy monk with great powers, on the other hand he may be known as a phony with a false connection to God. The Beginning Rasputin was born between 1864 and 1865 in his own home of Pokrovskoe. It is now known as Tiumen Oblast. It is located in Siberia on the Toura River. This was a small city located near the Ural Mountains. At the center of the village stood a large white church with a guilded dome, which was a symbol of Russias strong religious background. At the age of eighteen Rasputin went through a religious transition. He eventually went to the monastery at Verkhoture. At this place he became aquatinted to the Khlysty sect. After spending some time at this monastery he did not become a monk. When he came to this monastery he had no intentions of becoming a monk. But this even eventually leads to fame and power for Rasputin. At the age of nineteen, Rasputin returned to his home in Pokrovskoe. There he fell in love and married Praskovia Fyodorovna. Together the two had three children. They had Dimitri in 1897, Maria in 1898, and Varvara in 1900. Marriage wasnt enough to keep Rasputin in one place. He continued to wander to places of religious significance suck as Mt. Athos, Greece, and Jerusalem. He was a self-proclaimed holy man. He had the power to heal the sick and the power to predict the future. His fame grew greatly. Soon people traveled from long distances in search of his well heard about abilities and insight. For Rasputins help, people would repay him with food, presents, and money. Rasputin has had no long period of religious or spiritual training. He also had very limited education so he was left illiterate. This made his theatrical abilities become very useful. One day while Rasputin was plowing in the fields he had a revelation. The story states that a Heavenly Mother touched him. She told him of young Aleksei, the tsarevich and she instructed him to appear at the boys side to stop his bleeding. His bleeding was a result of his hemophilia. He made his initial move towards St. Petersburg in1902, when he visited the city of Kazan near the Volga River. After this trip he had a rapidly growing group of disciples and acquaintances in the upper class, and he was known as a man of God. The City of St. Petersburg Rasputin arrived in St. Petersburg at a time when church leaders were really vulnerable. They wanted people with religious influence, and who had power over the people. Rasputin was both an ordinary peasant simple, forceful, and direct while at the same time he possessed the power to astonish people with his healing powers and his insight into the future. People in the city had different views on the man. One was that he was a very holy man who possessed great powers. The other is that he was just a cynical, and that he used religion to mask his drive for sex, money, and power. Sex Life Rasputin had a very active sex life. He was reported to hold orgies in the basement of his house at the same time he lived with his wife around 1900. Later, after Rasputin had a rise to fame he attracted a large crowd of female followers. Many of the pictures of Rasputin are with him surrounded by women. There are reports of Rasputin raping women. These reports are untrue because Rasputin really didnt have to rape the to get them into bed. All of these activities did not conflict with Rasputins religious beliefs. He did not particularly care for the orthodox religion. He was a member of the Khlisti sect. Followers of the Khlisti sect believed that all of the desires of the man should be fulfilled, and

Elucidating Tradeoffs Bioengineered Foods

Elucidating Tradeoffs Bioengineered Foods Dr. Seethaler kept on reiterating one theme when she revealed her strategy in evaluating the risks and benefits of scientific breakthroughs. She reminded her readers to keep on elucidating tradeoffs. It is her way of saying that there is more than meets the eye and nothing is what it seems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Elucidating Tradeoffs: Bioengineered Foods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A logical thinker must carefully analyze the facts and consider that there are always two sides to the issue. More importantly different stakeholders have a different take on the benefits and risks of a certain product or technology. Thus, Dr. Seethaler developed a framework which focuses on tradeoffs as means to determine risks and benefits. Her framework can be used to analyze if it is worth the risk to use bioengineered foods. Stakeholders There are various stakeholders when it comes to bioengineered foods. The first majo r stakeholder is the company that invested in the research and development of a bioengineered food. The rest of the stakeholders are listed as follows: USDA; WTO; EPA; FDA; and the media. With regards to the first major stakeholder companies like Monsanto spent hundreds of millions of dollars in research and development of bioengineered foods and has to make a profit out of the said investment. It is therefore imperative for biotech companies to demonstrate that bioengineered foods are healthier than ordinary ones. But they often fail to show the tradeoffs such as the extensive use of fertilzers and othe chemicals to produce such foods. The USDA on the other hand finds the development of a bioengineered foods as a breakthrough in science and would support its development and mass production. However, the USDA may not highlight the fact that there is need for more extensive tests because no one is certain of the long term effects of this new type of food products. The WTO on the othe r hand is concerned with efficiency and therefore would love nothing else than to diffuse tension between trade partners. The tradeoff is the tendency to gloss over problems. The EPA on the other hand is focused on saving the planet. It is therefore important for them to point out how unnatural means of producing food is not sustainable and could negatively affect the ecosystem of the planet. But the EPA may not mention the benefit of a vitamin-fortified food. The same thing can be said of the FDA. This government agency is in-charge of determining if a certain food product is safe for consumption. The FDA may downplay the tradeoff which is a much improved food product that can help enhance the quality of life of many people.Advertising Looking for essay on agriculture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, the media is also a stakeholder in this issue. The media has the responsbility to inform the public on new d evelopments when it comes to food. The media can be seen as some sort of a watchdog. But media outlets such as news bureaus are dependent on ratings, thus there is a tendency to sensationalize the news to edge other TV networks in the ratings game. Five Factors With regards to the five factors it is easy to understand that environment must be an important consideration. But someone has to find out the exact process that can link environmental degradation and bioengineered foods. It is also possible that the environmental impact is negligible or manageable and therefore the benefits easily outweigh the risks. Human health is also a primary concern. It is easy for the media to create fear by releasing news information that is not based on facts but on assumptions. There is no hard evidence that the consumption of bioengineered foods can cause acute health problems. On the other hand, if it can be proven that there is indeed a tremendous health benefit in consuming bioengineered foods then the benefits outweigh the risks. When it comes to economics it is difficult to find fault with bioengineered foods. There is evidence to show that this type of products can be enhanced to make it resistant to pests. In other words a higher yield for farmers. Nevertheles, there are those who will argue that in the long run the cost will be catastrophic in terms of the destruction of the environment. But in the present there the main problem to tackle is hunger and if bioengineered food can help curb hunger in many parts of the world then the other issues becomes secondary becaue human life takes priority. Ethics is a difficult issue because there are no hard and fast rules when it comes to what is allowed when it comes to tampering with the natural design of food. But it can be argued that human life is more important than anything. If bioengineered food can help save lives and increase the quality of life then whatever ethical issues that is related to biotechnology. Long term effects of bioengineered food is difficult to determine because the breakthroughs in this field only occurred recently. There is not enough data to know the impact in the next 100 years or so. But this does not mean that nothing can be done to mitigate risks. It is possible to make adjustments as problems crop up and make predictions based on what is known today. In the process problems can be anticipated and solutions can be applied early on.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Elucidating Tradeoffs: Bioengineered Foods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Europe and Zambia In Europe the main concern is in the long-term effects of bio-engineered food. They are afraid of the unknown. This fear is of course related to the perceived negative impact to human health. The rest of the European consumers are not into bioengineered foods because they believe that farmers who produce this type of food utilized unethical practices. W ith regards to Zambia the reason is less about health and the environment and more on the economic interests. Zambian farmers discovered early on that they can sell unmodified food to Europe. Thus, it is important for them that people continue to oppose the consumption of bioengineered food. The moment that their main market switches to bioengineered food, their livelihood can be threatened. Conclusion There is nothing wrong with bioengineered food. This is especially true if one will talk about vitamin-fortified food. The benefits can easily outweigh the risks considering that fact that there are many bioengineered foods that has been proven safe for consumption. It is easy to embrace bioengineered foods when critics consider world hunger and vitaimin deficiency in many parts of the world.

Dissociation of Partnership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dissociation of Partnership - Essay Example Partnership agreements always include dissociation rights. Dissociation from a partnership can either be classified as non-wrongful or wrongful dissociation. Non-wrongful dissociations characterize by non-violation of partnership agreements. It includes events like retirement, a procedural and legal withdrawal of a partner in accordance with the partnerships regulations or death of a partner (Mallor, Barnes, & Bowers, 2013). Wrongful dissociation occurs when a dissociation of a given partner is in breach of a clear provision stipulated out in the partnership's agreement. It includes the unwarranted withdrawal of a partner prior to the completion of an undertaking or the exhausting the term of the partnership. Wrongful dissociation occurs in instances when a given partner files a bankruptcy petition or becomes a party to a bankruptcy as a debtor. The partners determine the judicial expulsions of a partner based on the requests made by other partners. The determinations of judicial expulsions link to an individual’s continuous and conscious breach of the partnership rules or irrational acts (Mallor, Barnes, & Bowers, 2013). Conclusion Statement Dissociation is not usually an automatic occurrence, as there are varieties of legal factors that lead to dissociation. Thus, KUPA encourages continuity of partnership after dissociation. Dissolution signifies the commencement of winding up procedure followed by redistribution of assets and liabilities (Mallor, Barnes, & Bowers, 2013).

Indian Tribes within the US Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Indian Tribes within the US - Research Paper Example Indians are among the fastest growing ethnic groups in the United States. The major locations which they occupy are divided into seven regions, discussed below; 1) Great plains They occupy the hills and plains of North America. Major examples include the Sioux, Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Crow and Comanche. They have an archaic culture just like other Indian tribes, due to resistance to domination by the United States and the governments of other countries. Great Plains Indians are divided into two major groups; the nomadic who practiced agriculture and kept animals and the aboriginal Indians, who are semi sedentary hence, lived in villages where they grew crops and traded with other neighboring communities. They comprise of Hidatsa, Iowa, Omaha and Otoe. The main animals they hunted were the buffalo and antelopes, for their hide, bones and for food. They later learnt about horses from Spanish explorers in the early sixteenth century, which greatly enhanced how they lived their life for exa mple made transport easier. The buffalo however remained the main source of game food. The great plain Indians had no particular religion. They however believed in spirits, which they believed controlled their health. They also respected the sun as the source of life. Their housing was referred to as Teepees made of buffalo hides, which could move around when they were moving from one place to another, for those who were nomadic. For the sedentary ones, the preferred form of housing was game lodges. They wore moccasins in the feet, hence the shoes. Women adorned themselves with jewellery to enhance beauty .to preserve their food they used the sun. The great Plains Indians had impressive arts which they expressed through painting and carvings which was mainly done by men. On the other hand women mainly engaged in beadwork, needle work and cloth design. 2) South West Indian tribes. They include Chea, Creek, Timucua and Lumbe. Mainly considered to be woodland Indians. Their main source of economic activity was hunting and gathering of wild fruits and animals, farming of crops such as rice and corn. They comprise of different languages and dialects within them. Just like other native communities they passed tradition from current and future generations orally, from elders to the young members of the community. The tribes were divided into clans, and a person belonged to the mothers’ clan, hence it was matriarchal in nature. They were very religious in nature and hence believed in gods and deities. As a form of worship they put up occasions where they prayed through song and dance ceremonies. They inhabitated forested areas of the south western areas of the country. 3) Mid Atlantic/north East . They comprise among others Lenape, Iroquois, Pequot, Algonquin and Niponic. The houses they inhabitated were called longhouse and wig warms. To protect them during cold periods, barks of trees and animal hides were used to cover their dwellings to provide warmth. They had leaders who were reffered to as Sadem which was a hereditary position. Chores were divided according to age and gender. Men did hunting and made weapons to be used in hunting and during war, while women were involved in cooking, farming and weaving baskets. Early Europeans who settled in this area introduced new infections which led to

Presentation and written submission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Presentation and written submission - Essay Example The global crisis was developed mainly due to the bursting of the US housing bubble, which stemmed from adverse selection of mortgages and resulted US mortgage crisis. Evidently, the global financial crisis slowed down economic activities and this situation in turn impeded the economic growth of nations around the globe. More precisely, the 2008 financial crisis has led to a dramatic increase in uncertainty in financial markets. Specifically, the resulting inability of lenders to solve the adverse selection problem makes them less willing to lend, which leads to a decline in lending, investment and aggregate economic activity. This paper will evaluate the financial market uncertainty identified by giving some real life examples. Financial market uncertainty Thoughtless provision of mortgage loans and increased speculation in the housing market significantly contributed to a series of bank collapses in the United States. The failure of credit rating agencies in properly identifying th e risk elements associated with complex securities and subsequent housing bubble also contributed to the global financial crisis. Most of the studies conducted to identify the real causes of the 2008 financial crisis reported that adverse selection in mortgages led to housing bubble and bank failures. Therefore, today banks and other financial institutions across the globe are extremely bothered about the possibility of defaults in loan repayments; and hence they are hardly willing to lend even to potential clients. Naturally, this situation leads to a decline in lending and investment. The decelerated financial transactions adversely affect circulation of money which in turn reduce economic growth rate. Decline in lending In response to this uncertain economic condition, UK banks significantly reduced lending over the last few years. As Tortman (2011) reported in the Telegraph dated Feb 28, in 2011, UK’s four leading banks limited their commercial real estate property lendin g by a combined total of ?17.2 billion. Royal Bank of Scotland and Lloyds Banking Group, Europe’s two largest commercial property lenders, trimmed their loans by a combined ?14.5 billion (ibid). As per the same report, HSBC and Barclays cut lending by a combined ?2.7 billion. These figures indicate that how UK lenders deal with property lending after the global credit crisis. According to Phil Clark, co-author of the Property Industry Alliance’s report, UK banks have been very vigilant in mitigating their loan exposure to real estate (as cited in Trotman, 2011). He added that annual real estate lending in UK would drop to ?100bn over the next few years (ibid). As Milliken (2013) reported in Reuters dated March 4, in order to boost bank lending and thereby to promote economic growth of the UK, the Bank of England and the finance ministry launched the flagship plan (Funding for Lending Scheme) June 2012. This plan was intended to offer cheap funds to banks if they booste d lending to medium sized businesses and home buyers. However, some recent reports indicate that although banks and other lending institutions have utilised almost ?14bn of the central bank funds offered, net lending indicates a reverse trend (ibid). The report says that Vince Cable, the UK Secretary of State for Business, admitted that the result was ‘very disappointing’. Financial releases indicate that borrowers repaid nearly

International and Domestic Human Resource Management

International and Domestic Human Resource Management INTRODUCTION Human resource management has become an important issue as more and more firms operating internationally are in need to develop an understanding on how to operate competitively in an international business environment (Dowling Welch, 2005). As the global playing field has become more competitive, international companies are forced to  adopt efficient HRM and give more focus to their international than their domestic operations. Due  to the sensitivity of the issue, the concerned HR must address the key issues such as the impact of  globalization, environmental influences, cultural differences, the domestic HRM policies in different  countries and the global workforce involved in the action (Armstrong, 2009). The aim of this essay is to provide a clear overview of the main differences and similarities between  International and Domestic Human resource management. The essay will to some extent discuss the  practice of Human resource management in a domestic and international level together with the  factors that affect this process. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn with an analysis of the research  findings. DEFINITIONS OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGMENT When we look at the historic development of Human resource management, we find that it  evolves from the term Personnel management. The gradual development of management  activity from administration of personnel to strategic planning of human resource, has given a  competitive advantage to international companies. Personnel management focused more on  administrative functions and how to control the employee rather than commit the employee to  the organization strategic planning process. But the present Human resource management  system is structured more on the commitment of the staff and involves the employee in the  strategic planning and development process of the organization. It also stress that organizations  should consider their employees as assets than variable costs (Armstrong, 2009, Torrington et al,  2005). It is not quite easy to provide a precise and exact definition of Human resource  management due to the varying and different activities it refers to. One attempt made by Storey  (1995) is HRM is a distinctive approach to employment and management which seeks to  achieve competitive advantage through the strategic development of a highly committed and  capable workforce using an array of cultural, structural and personal techniques. On the other  hand, Human resource management is also defined as representing two activities. One is the  generic term concerned with the key objectives of human activity, which are the staffing,  performance, change management and administrative objectives, and the other activity is the  Human resource approach to carry out the activities stated under the generic term one  (Torrington et al, 2005). In order to clearly see the commonalities and differences shared by Domestic and International  human resource management, identifying the activities which change or evolve when HR goes  International is a vital point. To this effect, a module developed by Morgan (1986) is helpful. The  module presents three dimensions of International Human resource management with various  categories of HR activities, countries involved and employees in International activities. The first  dimension deals with the tasks of Human resource management; the procurement, allocation and  utilization of HR which goes further down to detailed activities mentioned earlier in this paper under  the generic term explanation for HRM. The second dimension deals with three country categories;  the host country where the subsidiary is located, home country of the companys headquarter, other  countries which are source of manpower, finance and other inputs. The third dimension is  concerned with three category of employees; Host-country nationals, Parent-country nationals and  Third-country nationals. Thence, according to Morgan, The interplay between these three  dimensions is what define international Human resource management (Dowling Welch, 2005). At this point, it shows that the elements or issues related to International HRM practice are complex,  higher in number and have broader scope than those found in Domestic HRM practice. In order to  cope up with these complex issues the management may need to choose a strategy-ethnocentric,  Polycentric, regiocentric or geocentric that best fits its business plan. In ethnocentric strategy, a  company uses identical Human resource strategy both at home and in its abroad business activity. The polycentric strategy, with embracing the idea that each country is different in every aspect,  gives foreign subsidiaries autonomy to employ host country nationals and exercises local  appropriate HR practices to the subsidiarys location. Regiocentric approach is when companies are  structured on a regional basis and best regional practices of HR are prescribed. Lastly, geocentric  strategy holds an open for all employment opportunity where, all nationals from the HQ, subsidiary  and third country may be employed. It upholds Best person for the job motto and promotes higher  company integrity with less room for nationality (Storey, 2007). In the next section, the paper will discuss if the HR practices at the domestic level can be  implemented at international level and would try to identify the factors that may facilitate or  hamper this process in general. THE PRACTICE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGMENT AT DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL LEVEL The increasing business activity at international level has shown the importance of understanding  how Multinational companies can operate efficiently and effectively in the global dimension. In  general, International Human resource management involves the internationalizing company in  different practices such as diverse HR activities than found in the home country, greater involvement  in employees private lives, greater risk of exposure to the human and finance involved, more  external influence from the host country and greater complexity than found at Domestic HRM level  (Dowling Welch, 2005). An International HR manager also needs to address the challenges due to  cross cultural differences, global competition, language and political differences when posted at  international level. Apart from the different intensity level of HR activities and strategic coordination  of different business units, both Domestic and International HRM share same major activities of  HRM. In addition, an International Human resource manager also needs to understand the degree of  soft or hard HRM present in the home base and foreign subsidiaries. Companies with Hard HRM  policy are more business focused and apply cost minimization systems while companies that engage  the employee in participation have Soft HRM policy (Storey, 2007). Dowling Welch (2005) identified some factors that moderate the difference between International  and domestic Human resource management. According to Dowling, these variables are cultural  environment, the industry with which the Multinational is primarily involved, the extent of reliance  of the multinationals on its home country or domestic market and the attitudes of senior  management in international operation. Let us discuss to what extent these variables would act as  moderators between Domestic and International HRM practices. INDUSTRY TYPE One important variable that moderates International and Domestic Human resource management is  the type of industry an MNC is involved in and the international competition it faces. Putting the business playing field in one straight line, let us say we have at one end of the  continuum a multi-domestic industry and the other end a global industry. The multi-domestic end  designates an industry operating in various countries but the completion in that industry type is  specific to the country. While at the other end, the global industry group is about an industry that  operates in different countries but interlinked with other industries in the same group (Dowling   Welch, 2005). Industries that fall under the multi-domestic structure have a free reign and are not strictly  controlled by the Headquarter of the MNC. They exhibit a highly decentralized HR structure and play  a passive role in the transfer of HR practices outside their boarder. Examples for this category can be  distribution agents and insurance companies. The global industry represents a model whereby HR  management transfers management practices abroad and these practices are replicated and put in  use by the subsidiaries. Example for this group includes commercial aircraft companies and  computer manufacturing companies (Dowling Welch, 2004, Beardwell Claydon, 2010). CULTURE The other influential factor in the moderating International and domestic Human resource  management is culture. (Dowling Welch, 2004) Armstrong (2009) define organization culture as the patterns of values, norms, beliefs, attitudes  and assumption that may not have been articulated but shape the way in which the people in the  organization behave and get things done. (Armstrong, 2009, p384). Hofstede in his part put culture  as the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group or  category of people from another (Hofstede, 2001, p9). Other authors also have tried to define culture in different ways but in general it is expressed as a  process present in a social environment which holds the rules and regulations and the accepted  norms on how people are expected to behave. According to Hofstede (2001) there are five  independent dimensions of culture that explain the major difference between national groups. The  first is power distance. It is the degree to which members of an organization below the leadership  rank accept and expect the unequal distribution of power. High power distance shows an autocratic  leadership while low power distance denotes a democratic practice. Uncertainty avoidance refers to  the degree in which the people in a society feel uncomfortable for lack of structure and avoid  ambiguity. High uncertainty avoidance exist in countries having a strong rules and job scrutiny as  they try to avoid uncertainties and low uncertainty avoidance is registered in countries promotingà ‚  more lax and flexible social rules and regulations. Hofstede third dimension is the individualism  versus collectivism point. This dimension is concerned with the tendency of peoples response to  identifying themselves either in larger groups or more to themselves. High individualism is scored in  countries like the USA where people mostly identify themselves in small family groups while in low  individualistic countries people prefer to co-habit together and form large social groups. Masculinity  or femininity is the fourth dimension which refers to emotional roles attributed to both genders. It  balances the tough masculine virtue of assertion and aggressiveness with the softer feminine  virtue of emotion and caring. Japan scores high on this regard while Norway is the lowest. The fifth  dimension is the long term versus short term orientation. This dimension deals with the recognition  of status in a society and perseverance. In general understanding the cult ural norms of a foreign country and adapting to the environment would benefit a company in an international level and  more importantly the HR policies of an organization are mostly influenced by the cultural practice  surrounding the organization. Human resource activities like hiring of staff, promoting, rewarding  and dismissal of employees are determined and affected by the cultural practice of the host country (Dowling Welch, 2005). There is a school of thought that stresses the concept of Etics and Emics as an important aspect to  understanding culture in different settings. The Etic concept refers to the culture-common aspect  while the Emic approach deals with culture-specific concepts of behaviour. Understanding the  difference between the two concepts is helpful in cross-cultural business communication. To this  effect identifying which Human resource activity falls under Etic and which falls under Emic is also  crucial as it have an effect on the performance of companies outside their home country (Dowling   Welch, 2005). As noted earlier Emic refers to practices specific to one culture and are not transferrable across  cultures and Etic refers to the common practices found in different cultures and are transferrable  across cultures. Other dimensions of culture that may affect Human resource practices are the  political condition of the country where MNC operate, its economic rank and development and its  legal position. The Multinational companies need to be careful in countries with strong religious  views as they may have both civil and religious laws in use (Dowling Welch, 2005). RELIANCE OF THE MNC ON ITS HOME COUNTRY DOMESTIC MARKET The status of the organizations home domestic market is another moderator differentiating  International Human resource management and Domestic Human resource management. One major factor pushing companies to go outside their home market is the small market demand in  their home country but also the international market may not be their target market for big  companies as they have high demand in their home country. Hence, when analysing company  performance, focusing only on the international market activity may not give the true stand or rank  of an international company. Some international companies originate from small countries with  small domestic demand or saturated domestic market and play a big role in the international  business activity. As an example ABB Company from Switzerland, INTERBREW from Belgium and we  can also mention PHILIPS Electronics originating from The Netherlands. United Nations Conference  on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) made an annual survey on foreign direct investment and with  some detailed analysis made, it published a list and it reveals that Coca cola and McDonalds are  ranked 27th and 39th res pectively. As stated earlier the main reason for this situation is, these big  Multinational companies have high domestic demand in their home country; the USA. This may influence to some extent on their international business practice as well as deprive their managers  an international management experience (Dowling Welch, 2004). MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION The last moderator presented by Dowling Welch, (2004) is the level of orientation of senior  management. Managers from different cultures have different perceptions towards the overall  management system of a company. Lack of knowledge of competitive management skill on an  international level would lead to failure as it may fail to identify and address the issue differently  from the domestic management issue. Beardwell and Claydon (2000) also observe the significance role Multinational companies play in the  world economy and with regard to the interrelation and restructuring of management issue at  international versus the national level wrote Management style, Strategies and policies are  shaped by home business system -the financial, institutional, legal and political framework in  which they developed as domestic firms. Thus there is a persistent country of origin effect in the  behaviour of MNCs whereby the country the MNC originates from, exerts a distinctive effect on the  management style, particularly the management of Human resource. (Beardwell and Claydon,  2010, p19)   On the other hand Taylor et al (1996) presents the exportive, adaptive and integrative models and  explain why the international companies adopt different form of Strategic International Human  resource management. The adoptive models reflect that Human resource policies are designed to  match the local environment of the subsidiary. There would be less transfer of Human resource  practices from the parent company and use differentiation as a priority point. In the exportive  orientation the subsidiary copies Human resource management policies from the parent company. This upholds the integration of global management system and is ethnocentric in nature. The  integrative orientation model is the selection of best HR practice across the world and is more  liberal and flexible in allowing the subsidiary adopts local HR practices (Beardwell and Claydon,  2010). But each orientation requires different consideration in line with the HR policies practiced by  the parent organization. BUSINESS INTEGRATION AND GLOBAL STRATEGY As the global commerce is increasing so has the activities of International Human resource  management becomes an important and more complex than Domestic Human resource  management. While we acknowledge the expanding business activity, there is a school of  thought that support and concur on the alignment of business practices on global scale. The idea  posits three major perspectives towards the practice of Human resource management,  Universalistic, Contingency and Configuration. The Universalistic perspective is about identifying the best standard of Human resource practice  through various and continuous Human resource activities while the Contingency or externally  fit perspective suggests the need for a mix of different policies and practices to get high results  or best HR performance. The Configuration perspective stand for the interaction of business  strategies and HRM practices used to determine business performance (Beardwell and Claydon,  2010). Another observation toward the HR practices in the international level says that, organizations  operating under same environment would be compelled towards a uniform management  practice. This Isomorphic pull as they refer to it or isomorphism has three forms. Management  practices under the Coercive form adopt foreign HR practices due to external pressure, such as  pressures or expectations from the state, Legal or cultural environment. The Mimetic form is  when companies copy HR models from other companies operating on the same line of business  and accept it as the standard form of practice against various uncertainties. The last model is the  Normative and it is a pull resulting from the professionalization functions or widely accepted HR  practices (Brewster et al, 2007). In the practical field most organizations have been confronted with the deregulation of the  market, free global trade and also slow business transactions. To this they have been forced to  apply uniform and cost minimization strategies and as these international companies apply the  prescribed strategies it indirectly put pressure on the host country management system to adopt  /copy same management practice (Bratton and Gold, 2003). EXPATRIATES One important point in International Human resource management is the movement of  employees across national boundaries to foreign country assignments. These employees are  termed as Expatriates while Employees transferred from subsidiary branch into Headquarters  are referred as Inpatriates (Dowling Welch, 2005). As the global business activity of  International companies increased, it demanded high controlling system and follow up of the  subsidiaries business performance. To this effect, MNC have chosen the use of Expatriates,  Parent company nationals, as a controlling mechanism by assigning them in key management  positions in the subsidiary branches of the parent company (Bartlett Ghoshal, 1989). The efficiency of the deployed expatriate may also depend on the adaptability the expatriate on  his/her foreign assignment. A study conducted by Mark Mendenhall and Gary Oddor in 1985  suggests that expatriate success and adjustment depend on several dimensions. The first is self-oriented dimension, which deals with the expat personal competence and adaptability to the  foreign environment. The second dimension is the others-oriented dimension, which consist of  relationship development and willingness to communicate in reference to the reluctance to  assimilate and learn the language of the foreign land. The Third dimension is the perceptual  dimension, which is concerned with the ability of expatriates to comprehend the behaviour of  foreign nationals and the fourth dimension is cultural toughness and this is to gauge how quickly  an expatriate adapts to a harsh environment (Brewster Harris1999). Apart from parent  country nationals, Nationals from host country and third country are also considered as  expatriates. But this paper will focus only on expatriates from parent country nationals to  discuss the main reasons as to why an MNC send an employee on a foreign assignment. Expatriates are assigned in a foreign country as, An agent of direct control- The assigned expatriate is used to control the activities of the subsidiary and ensure its compliance through supervision (Dowling Welch, 2005, Bartlett Ghoshal , 1989) An agent of socialization- The expatriate in question understands the companies values and beliefs and acts as a medium to transfer these qualities of the parent company to the subsidiaries (Dowling Welch, 2005) As network builder- An expatriate having a knowledge pertinent to his/her job qualification will in due course bond with people in different key positions and together build a network of interdependence (Dowling Welch, 2005) As boundary spanner- This refers to activities performed by the expatriate, such as gathering information that bridge internal and external organizational context. It would be the expatriates duty to promote the company profile as well as gather information that may be of use to the betterment of the company (Dowling Welch, 2005) As language nodes- Expatriates with foreign language background would eventually become an asset especially when they repatriate to their home country (Dowling Welch, 2005). The advantages of using expatriates are mainly to maintain organizational control, international  work experience and follow up the fulfilment of the companys objective by the subsidiary. Whereas the disadvantage points are the problem with the adaptability of expatriates to the  foreign environment and the high cost incurred by the parent company to the selection and  training of expatriates (Dowling Welch, 2005). The process of selecting the right person to the  right position is crucial to the success of the oversees mission and it is to noted that an  expatriates success in one environment does not imply that the same expatriate will fill gaps in  all circumstances (Brewster Harris, 1999). To this end, In order to select an expatriate for an international assignment, Dowling Welch  (2005) have set six basic factors which may assist managers in the process. As individual factors  they have set Technical ability, cross cultural suitability and family requirements are listed  essential while in as situational factors country or cultural requirements, language and MNE  requirements need to be analysed and considered in the selection process. In another  perspective Schneider and Barsoux (1997) list nine point they believe are important for the  selection process. They are interpersonal skill, linguistic ability, ability to tolerance and cope up  with uncertainty, motivation to work and live abroad, flexibility, patience and respect, cultural  empathy, strong sense of self and sense of humour. (Dowling Welch, 2005)   In general the extent of the selection criteria is wide and companies need to identify and consider the most important and pertinent points to the position to be filled. CONCLUSION There are various factors that differentiate International Human resource management from  Domestic human resource management. The Globalization of world economies has forced  international companies to adjust and continuously change their company strategy and Human  management systems in order to survive the competition. To this, the function of Human  resource management has become an important subject as it has proved to be a vital point to  the success of International as well as Domestic companies. In this paper various perspectives  towards International Human resource management are discussed briefly. Authors in the field  are also quoted on how the present and future shape of Human resource management is and  would be. In summary, the paper has tried to identify the main similarities and differences  between International and Domestic Human resource management. From the literature review  presented, different internal and external factors are discussed to the complexity of  International human resource management, presented the various interpretation of HRM and  have tried to show how management and the market would dictate the shape of Human  resource management in general.

Fellini Essay -- essays papers

Fellini When Ida and Urbano Fellini bore their first son, Federico, they must have known that he would be far from a calm easygoing person. On the evening of January 20, 1940, the weather at the seaside resort of Rimini on the Adriatic coast of Italy, was not pleasant. There was thunder, lightning, high seas, winds, and heavy rains; quite a setting for the entrance of one who was to be regarded as one of the greatest film directors in history. Urbano was prominent salesman of confectionaries and preserves, and dreamed of training his son for the bar. Ida, who had a vibrant personality and a flair for art, was mainly in charge of raising Federico and his younger siblings, Riccado and Maddalena. Fellini was a fairly good student, though not wonderful. He was sent to a parochial school and did fairly well, though not wonderfully. He learned to be terrified of his teachers (who were nuns), and basically of religion in general. He remembers one incident where he was admonished by a nun during an outside gathering at which he was assigned to hold a candle : "Don't let the candle go out because Jesus won't like it." Federico became so overwhelmed with the responsibility of holding the candle that he completely broke down crying. Such memories about religion would later affect his work. Going to the cinema, though, was one of Fellini's favourite passions. He would often go with his father and .remember specific details regarding the movie and even the theatre. ...

Democracy – Essay

That is to say we want to analyze the meaning of democracy and its efferent forms, study its efficiency (so to say), ponder over its limitations and compare It to other forms of government. Whether democracy was conceived of In Athens, Sparta or India Is not a topic of Interest In this paper (although there may be references to historical events In the evolution of the Idea when pertinent). What does democracy mean? Democracy comes from the Greek â€Å"rule of the people†. But as I searched for a definition of democracy in the course of research for this paper, a consistent deflation of it seemed to elude me.So we must examine some of these definitions ND try to find a core to the idea of democracy, if there exists one. Bunch of different ideas and quotes are out thro on internet †¦ Put about 4-5 of them here and discuss if them from a current or historical perspective.. Vive written down one for u: â€Å"The right to dissent without repercussions to one's personal well- being is the core value of Democracy' * Nathan Shrank Discuss quotes such as this to evaluate how these Ideas are Implemented In practice.. All this should take up about 500 words..The only core value seems to be people get to elect their government.. How much of he peoples rights are respected after that greatly varies.. Forms of democracy Representative.. Constitutes parliamentary and liberal(most democracies are these) Constitutional Direct Socialist Totalitarian .. Discuss all these†¦ About 300 words.. A critique of democracy An illusion â€Å"There was no stone-pelting, nothing. There was no curfew They fired indiscriminately. † (http://www. Lengthened. Co. UK/news/world/salsa/Kashmir-burns- again-as-India-responds-to-dullest-Walt-violence-2045905. HTML).The above was said by Abdul Rasher, a Kashmir youth whose friend was gunned down by Indian army officials for holding a peaceful, nonviolent, anti-government rally in the summer of 2010 But tons was not an anomaly I n ten process AT democracy In IANAL . Kashmir still remains the most militaries zone in the world with about a half a million troops on active duty (for the sake of comparison, the United States had about 165,000 troops in Iraq at its peak)(I read these fugues on CIA. Gob.. I don't remember the exact link ). How is that a government for the people is killing its own citizens for holding a nonviolent demonstration?How is such a huge implementation of a province in a democracy justified? Even a basic understanding of the ideas of freedom and liberty that democracy entails shows how abhorrent these actions are. But these things happen, not Just in India, but in other developed counties like the United States Pansies Americans in 1942), where the rights of their citizens are violated Just when they would want to exercise them. So one must ask, are democracies really for the people? A study of history of government brutality in countries like India and the United States seem to suggest o therwise. The almost forceful takeaway of land by theIndian government in eastern India from farmers (actions which directly led to the Nasality-Moist insurgency, something the current prime minister of India called â€Å"the single biggest internal security challenge ever faced by our country. â€Å"( http:// www. Ploughshares. Ca/libraries/Execrate/CAR-Lillian. HTML)), seem to suggest otherwise. The locking up of Japanese Americans in internment camps in 1942 by Franklin Roosevelt and the Unites States government seem to suggest otherwise. The indiscriminate shooting of unarmed, nonviolent Kashmir youths (some as young as 9 ears old)shouting â€Å"Acadia! Said! â€Å"(â€Å"freedom! Freedom! â€Å") by Indian security officials seem to suggest otherwise. One gets the idea. So maybe people like Vilified Parent and Agitate Masc. are correct after all. The masses are always characterized by apathy and division, the powers to be by drive and unity (Femme, Joseph V. â€Å"Agains t the Masses†, Oxford 2001). Maybe all democracy does is shift the power scale, from domination by a despotic leader to manipulation by a democratic government. Maybe the people don't really have much of a say after all. Maybe it's Just an illusion.Majority rule Majority always gets its way.. Discuss gay rights.. Civil rights in us.. Women's rights historically.. Religious parties like ship seen in Iambi.. Rising intolerance of secularism in India.. Majority rule can get tyrannical and the minority issues ignored when people get to decide resolutions to minority issues. The irrational voter â€Å"The best argument against democracy is a five minute conversation with the average voter. † – Winston Churchill Talk about how the common man is largely ignorant about serious issues and hence can vote against his/her interests.. An greatly discuss the recent midterms in us to make this point†¦ Basically our saying if we must solve economic issues we talk to economi st.. If we must solve environmental issues we talk to climate scientists.. If we are talking bat what to teach in science class we take the consensus of scientist not what the common people of the state think (talk bat teaching creationism in schools.. A lot of states in us have majority of it people wanting creationism be taught as science even though almost no scientist believe it to be science)†¦ Not everything should be up for a vote†¦..Economically inefficient Our a better person to write bat this Idealistic now Its Nora to apply macerate principles In practice†¦ Corrupt officials.. Apathetic citizens.. Uprisings etc.. Instable Frequent elections make the government instable†¦ Castillo of examples on the internet bat this.. Best we have? â€Å"It has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried. â€Å"- Winston Churchill Compare democracy to other forms of governments like dictatorships, communist stat es, anarchist, socialist,etc.. Define ND discuss each with respect to western liberal democracy.. Eve done some of it for anarchist Anarchist – Anarchists are those who advocate the absence of the state, arguing that common sense would allow people to come together in agreement to form a functional society allowing for the participants to freely develop their own sense of morality, ethics or principled behavior. (from wisped). One such current society is Somalia, and it would not be hyperbole to suggest they are not doing very well. The lack of a state and police have led to nationwide lawlessness, violence and parallel the country into utter chaos.I think Somalia really characterizes the severe consequences of not having a state and is not a direction one would want their country to go in. Giving people all the power has resulted in the most powerful and the most brutal of them to take power and the rest of people losing all freedom(ironically). Conclusion/reflections Every form of government has been deemed the best by its people at its peak of popularity (the soviets considered socialism to be the best form of government until the collapse of USSR). Democracy might be the best we have, but not the best we could do.It needs to evolve as times and conditions change. When fissures arise in its implications, they must be aptly addressed instead of wallowing in the supposed preferences of democracy by saying things like â€Å"Hey, its the best we have†. But most of all people need to realize that the power that comes with democracy is not a privilege, it's a duty that must be exercised to give it any real meaning. People need to understand the violent convulsions the state of things have gone through so they ay live in a democracy, it is not something to be taken for granted.People need to substitute their subservience with an exertion of their hard won independence. But I must confess, all the above paragraph may Just be an empty howl to the tamed and the satisfied population that constitutes most modern democracies. We may have already fulfilled Aloud Huxley prophecy of us becoming a trivial culture, drowning in a sea of irrelevance (Brave new world-aloud Huxley). So even as gays are treated as second class citizens and young gay teens are committing suicide by significant embers, Americans are more busy voting for the next American idol than care for Prop 8.Even as corruption and immorality in Indian politics continues to eat away at the nations very fabric of the nation, its citizens are preoccupied with arguing about the squad that was picked for the Indian cricket team's next tour of wherever and pondering which Plywood movie must they see next. Hence, for all of Lemon's passionate singing about power to the people, the hard truth might Just be that the people don't want power, they want pleasure, and therein lies the inherent flaw of democracy.

Biography of Fannie Lou Hamer, Civil Rights Leader

Biography of Fannie Lou Hamer, Civil Rights Leader Known for her civil rights activism, Fannie Lou Hamer was called the spirit of the civil rights movement. Born a sharecropper, she worked from the age of six as a timekeeper on a cotton plantation. Later, she became involved in the Black Freedom Struggle and eventually moved on to become a field secretary for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).   Dates:  October 6, 1917 - March 14, 1977Also known as:  Fannie Lou Townsend Hamer About Fannie Lou Hamer Fannie Lou Hamer, born in Mississippi, was working in the fields when she was six and was only educated through the sixth grade. She married in 1942 and adopted two children. She went to work on the plantation where her husband drove a tractor, first as a field worker and then as the plantations timekeeper. She also attended meetings of the Regional Council of Negro Leadership, where speakers addressed self-help, civil rights, and voting rights. Field Secretary With the SNCC In 1962, Fannie Lou Hamer volunteered to work with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) registering black voters in the South. She and the rest of her family lost their jobs for her involvement, and SNCC hired her as a field secretary. She was able to register to vote for the first time in her life in 1963 and then taught others what theyd need to know to pass the then-required literacy test. In her organizing work, she often led the activists in singing Christian hymns about freedom: This Little Light of Mine and others. She helped organize the 1964 Freedom Summer in Mississippi, a campaign sponsored by SNCC, Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and the NAACP. In 1963, after being charged with disorderly conduct for refusing to go along with a restaurants whites only policy, Hamer was beaten so badly in jail, and refused medical treatment, that she was permanently disabled. Founding Member and VP of the MFDP Because African Americans were excluded from the Mississippi Democratic Party, the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) was formed, with Fannie Lou Hamer as a founding member and vice president. The MFDP sent an alternate delegation to the 1964 Democratic National Convention, with 64 black and 4 white delegates. Fannie Lou Hamer testified to the conventions Credentials Committee about violence and discrimination faced by black voters trying to register to vote, and her testimony was televised nationally. The MFDP refused a compromise offered to seat two of their delegates and returned to further political organizing in Mississippi, and in 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act. Delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1972 From 1968 to 1971, Fannie Lou Hamer was a member of the Democratic National Committee for Mississippi. Her 1970 lawsuit, Hamer v. Sunflower County, demanded school desegregation. She ran unsuccessfully for the Mississippi state Senate in 1971, and successfully for delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1972. Other Accomplishments She also lectured extensively, and was known for a signature line she often used, Im sick and tired of being sick and tired. She was known as a powerful speaker, and her singing voice lent another power to civil rights meetings. Fannie Lou Hamer brought a Head Start program to her local community, to form a local Pig Bank cooperative (1968) with the help of the National Council of Negro Women, and later to found the Freedom Farm Cooperative (1969). She helped found the National Womens Political Caucus in 1971, speaking for the inclusion of racial issues in the feminist agenda. In 1972 the Mississippi House of Representatives passed a resolution honoring her national and state activism, passing 116 to 0. Suffering from breast cancer, diabetes, and heart problems, Fannie Lou Hamer died in Mississippi in 1977. She had published To Praise Our Bridges: An Autobiography in 1967. June Jordan published a biography of Fannie Lou Hamer in 1972, and Kay Mills published This Little Light of Mine: The Life of Fannie Lou Hamer in 1993. Background, Family Father: Jim TownsendMother: Ella Townsendyoungest of 20 childrenborn in Montgomery County, Mississippi; family moved when she was two to Sunflower County, Mississippi Education Hamer attended the segregated school system in Mississippi, with a short school year to accommodate fieldwork as a child of a sharecropping family. She dropped out by 6th grade.   Marriage, Children Husband: Perry Pap Hamer (married 1942; tractor driver)Children (adopted): Dorothy Jean, Vergie Ree Religion Baptist Organizations Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), National Council of Negro Women (NCNW), Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), National Womens Political Caucus (NWPC), others

Online Assistance for Social and Natural Sciences Students with APA Format

Online Assistance for Social and Natural Sciences Students with APA Format APA stands for American Psychological Association, which is the largest scientific professional organization of psychologists in North America. The association has developed its own formatting style, which is called APA and is mostly used when writing essays, research papers in social natural sciences. If you experience any difficulties with APA formatting request help from our professionals! Most current document governing the APA style is the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Sixth Edition. The manual is available on the APA website; furthermore, there is plenty information available online. APA REFERENCING TOOL Writing an essay and formatting it to match APA style is the most frequent question students ask us. Unlike the MLA formatting, APA is used in social natural sciences; naturally, a formatting style will inevitably differ from MLA. One of the major differences is paper structure. APA style essay should consist of 4 major sections: title page, abstract, main body references. For more serious APA style publications the structure will be somewhat different and will include: Title Page, Abstract, Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion, References, and Appendices. This article is going to deal with such aspects of essay formatting as paper, title page, font, formatting, numbering, spacing, indentation, heading, citation, and references.  Here you can see a detailed formatting of the APA cover page. Paper.  Your essay should be typed on clean, white sheet of A4 paper (8.5†x11†). Use one-inch margins on all sides. Title Page.  This is one of the mandatory parts of your essay. Include the phrase ‘Running head:’ and type your paper title. Flush left.  Press Enter eight times and write your title again, include your first last name, your teaching institution your professor. Center this block of text. Numbering.  Your paper should be numbered consecutively, starting from page 1. Page numbers should be placed in the upper right-hand corner. Spacing.  Use double space throughout your essay. Indentation.  Paragraphs should be indented. Press TAB once. Paragraphs.  Indent paragraphs. Flush left. Headings.  Headings should be centered and capitalized. Citation.  Basic in-text citation narrows down to Author-Year style, for example: The economic situation in most countries is forcing government departments to embrace change in order to survive (Gravenhorst, 2003). Brunes Jackson (2001) argue that success rates of organizational change efforts, however, have been found to be very low. References.  References come at the end of your paper. Once you are done writing, start a new page and title it ‘References’. Center your text. From a new line, list your references. Sort alphabetically. Your references will look like this: DiFonzo, N. (2013). 10 Rumors during organizational change: a motivational analysis. The Psychology of Organizational Change: Viewing Change from the Employees Perspective, 232. The good news about APA referencing is that it is fully automatic now. has created a special APA referencing machine that automatically creates references based on the information you specify. At the end it allows you to download the references file as a separate file that you can simply attach to your paper or essay. Formatting your essay to APA style is a great example of works that can be outsourced to professionals who work at ! We have hundreds of writers who are experts on APA style, they will save you time if you request formatting assistance from them. APA formatting can be ordered as a part of editing proofreading services at .

Case Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Case Study - Research Paper Example County, Western Walsh County, Grand Forks, Pembina, Cass County and Williams among the counties and areas that have already received flood warnings from National Weather Service in 2010 (NWS Report, 2010). Indeed, the â€Å"heavy winter snowstorms in 1997 led to massive spring flooding along the Red River thereby resulting in migration and displacement of more than ten per cent (10%) citizens† in North Dakota. This not only hampered the economic growth because of a sudden seize in business activities but also disrupted the society at large. It is worthwhile to mention that the financial burden had to be absorbed by US government, which initiated the move to ensure settlement of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in North Dakota with the assistance of International welfare agencies, Non-governmental and Inter governmental organizations. Some of the examples of flood related agencies include Red Cross, The Salvation Army, FEMA, North Dakota Department of Emergency Services, National Weather Service and others etc (Edward, 2000). It must be highlighted that North Dakota has already observed severe storms and flooding in March 2009 followed by recent flooding in March and April 2010 that in turn have increased vulnerability of residents of this state. In fact, residents of affected counties and areas are left with no other option but to migrate to safer places. This paper is an attempt to highlight the impact of natural disasters specifically on Cass County of North Dakota state. The paper will then throw light over the argument that vulnerability seems to be decreasing in Cass County because the experts have measured risk of only 1.4 out 10 in this particular area. In addition, the paper will also discuss any possible economic effects of flooding on Cass County and draw conclusions after analyzing the latest available information and facts. Finally, the paper will end up with a prediction about Cass County’s vulnerability and its future that will be supported by

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 10

Marketing - Essay Example It thus makes sense to have a bank with a global reach that makes it easy for the expats to access their money in the right currency and amount whenever need arises. Such banks include Barclays, HSBC, City Bank among others (Czinkota and Ronkainen, 2007, p. 119). One of the main reasons expats would be interested in a global bank is that one can have all the information concerning their accounts at all times. Most global banks offer international accounts accessible from any part of the world. This easiness of information access is one reason expats need to consider global banks. They get to know all the charges incurred in all the transactions they make on their accounts. Another reason a global bank is the right choice for expats is that they have the added advantage of not only accessing their money whenever they need it, they also get it in whatever currency they desire. Due to the bank’s global reach, exchange rates are also deemed to be reasonable as they are normalized all across its branches (Czinkota Ronkainen, 2007, p. 77). It also occurs that due to their large sizes, these banks have the luxury of offering the best exchange rates on the market since they enjoy economies of scale. Thus, they make profits depending on volume in spite of exorbitant rates. The expat also gets to build their banking reputation with the given bank thus improving their credit ratings. This is most important when one requires a loan to finance a given project in the new country but is short of funds. Since they have good credit ratings with their banks, they easily qualify for loans without much of a hassle. It is a great way of getting things done. A great advantage with having a global bank is that most of them offer a safe haven for one’s cash. Due to these banks’ sheer size, they are very reliable in terms of the safety of funds. Most of them have been in operation for more than a century and have this most enviable reputation for dependability. The ir big sizes also offer excellent ways for tax efficiency given that they mostly normalize their operations across all branches the world over. It is thus to the benefit of the expat to have such an institution at their service whenever they travel around the world. Besides offering peace of mind, these banks enable the expats focus on other matters while they take care of the monetary matters (Czinkota and Ronkainen, 2007, p. 103). Financial Services That Might Interest Expats Living in Hong Kong and Singapore C5.2 tabulates countries, according to rank, basing on a few selected factors. Among them is the longevity of residence in a foreign country, earning and saving for the expats, the luxury facilities in these countries available to the expat and the cost of accommodation compared to the expats’ domicile. The financial services that would most interest an expat are the earning and saving capabilities, the availability and affordability of luxurious facilities and the cos t of accommodation. The expats’ ability to earn and save money in the new country is of great importance. This depends greatly on the cost of living. If the cost of living in a country is low compared to the amount of money to be earned as an expat working there then that country is deemed to attract a lot of foreigners working and living there. India, Singapore and Hong Kong have the highest rating in this area owing to the low